An Inquiry into Ophelias Madness Essay Example For Students

An Inquiry into Ophelias Madness Essay The character Ophelia in William Shakespeares play Hamlet plays an extremely intriguing and significant job in the elaboration of the plot. At the outset, she begins in a solid perspective, in affection with her sweetheart Hamlet, yet constrained by her dad concerning their relationship. During the play she experiences a few disturbing encounters including Hamlet which cause her to get troubled. Close to the end, the demise of her dad leaves Ophelia intellectually insecure and in a condition of franticness that in the long run drives her to death. Along these lines, because of the entirety of the disastrous occasions that occurred with her loved ones the most in her life, Ophelia continuously gets distraught, and at long last passes away. Ophelias and Hamlets love for one another to start with was genuine. Following the passing of his dad Hamlet experiences passionate feelings for her, and is tremendously pulled in by her magnificence. It isn't dubious, in any case, that Ophelia is a lot of constrained by her dad. She is the little girl of Polonius, the main guide to the new King Claudius, and a profoundly regarded man. Her dad requests that she tell Hamlet without a moment's delay that she can never again be with him and reveals to her I would not, in plain terms, from this time forward have you so defame any second relaxation as to give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet. Look tot, I charge you. Come your ways. (I.iii.132-35). Unmistakably here Polonius is settling on choices for his little girl, in any case in the event that she truly cherishes Hamlet or not. She feels insignificant and vulnerable now, and in light of this builds up an absence of passionate certainty and quality. Everything she can answer is I don't, my ruler, what I should think. (I.iii.104). She is accustomed to depending on her dads heading and has been raised to be extremely respectful. Also, her sibling Laertes concurs with what their dad is stating. He likewise reveals to Ophelia that Hamlet is nothing but bad for her Perhaps he adores you not (I.iii.16). He believes that Hamlet just loves her since he needs to allure her, and requests his sister to never observe him again. Ophelia can just acknowledge her dad and siblings convictions and composes Hamlet a letter which educates him that she can no longer observe him. Thus, she starts to feel alone with next to no freedom. Now in the play Ophelias feelings are what help add to her frenzy. There are a couple of different occurrences in the play which help over the span of Ophelias frenzy. At the point when Hamlet gets the letter from Ophelia he is influenced awfully by her words. Whenever she sees Hamlet she is astonished and even somewhat scared by his conduct. He didn't seem as though he typically does, and he acted bizarre towards her. He held her by the wrists and gazed profoundly into her face, long and hard, at that point storms out, leaving her seriously grieved and disheartened. After that she discloses to her dad, and he accepts that Ophelias love is the thing that made him frantic. That hath made him distraught (II. i.110). Polonius then goes to tell the King and Queen of Hamlets unusual conduct and plans to keep an eye on Hamlet to demonstrate hes gone frantic. Ophelia now is left feeling regretful. At the point when she sees Hamlet later on she attempts to talk with him, however is dismissed briskly. He doesn't hear her out and shouts brutal words leaving her inclination useless and humiliated. I cherished you not. (III.i.119). .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8 , .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8 .postImageUrl , .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8 , .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8:hover , .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8:visited , .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8:active { border:0!important; } .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8:active , .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8:hover { mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e 8 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u4b562bf1db8d09cff445f375094148e8:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Inuit People Essay Get thee to a convent. (III.i.121) you dance, you wander, and you drawl, and epithet Gods animals, and make you wantonnes your numbness. Go to, Ill no more ont; (III.i. 146-48) This occurrence causes Ophelia to turn out to be somewhat upset. She sits sobbing while her dad and the King for all intents and purposes step on her feeble body to discover more explanation behind Hamlets activities. In this discouraged express everything she can say is O! poor me, to have seen what I have seen, what I see! (III.i.163-64) So, due to Hamlets impoliteness and dismissal through this piece of the play, Ophelia is driven much progressively closer .

Saying No in French

Saying No in French Saying no in French is simple. The main issue is browsing the numerous equivalents for no in French. Pick with care, in light of the fact that the contrasts between articulations are nuanced. Figure out how to state the reciprocals ofâ no, no way, I dont think in this way, down with, and then some. The Many Faces of Non in French non noThis is the fundamental, standard French word for no. Non, je naime pas skier.  No, I dont like to ski. ok non/ oh nonâ â oh noAh non and gracious non express frustration, as in God help us! or on the other hand dang it! Ok non ! Ça ne marche pas !  Oh no! It doesnt work! non †¦Ã¢ â no to...Non is trailed by a thing to mean (say) no to or down with, particularly in fights and showings: Non au CPE !  No to the First Job Contract! Different equivalent words for nonâ  absolument pasâ â absolutely notâ â â au contraireâ on the contraryâ â â aucun (problã ¨me, argent, etc.)â no (issue, cash, etc)â â â bien sã »r que nonâ â of course notâ â â certainement pasâ absolutely notâ â â des clous ! (natural) no way!â â â du toutâ not under any condition Articulations With Non  â â je crois que non  I dont think soâ â â je ne dis pas nonâ I wouldnt state noâ â â mais nonâ obviously notâ â â moi nonâ not me, I dontâ â â nest-ce pas ? no? isn't that so? isnt it?â â â niet ! (recognizable) no way!â â â non merci - no thank youâ â â non et non ! totally not!â â â non plusâ not (that) eitherâ â â non que subjunctiveâ not that †¦Ã¢ â â ... ou non ? †¦ (are/will/do you action word) or not?â â â pas de (problã ¨me, temps, torment, etc)â no (issue, time, bread, etc.)â â â pas du toutâ not at allâ â â pas question ! (recognizable) no chance! not a chance!â â â pas tout faitâ not actually, not quiteâ â â que non ! in no way, shape or form!

Brisbane Power Centre Case Study

Question: Examine about theBrisbane Power Center Case Study. Answer: Presentation The Brisbane Outdoor Power Center which started its tasks from a solitary retail location, presently has stores in three areas. These stores work autonomously from one another and has their individual frameworks of procurement and stock administration. Since all the three stores were making acceptable benefits, the administration didn't try to investigate the operational level subtleties of these stores. Thus, these stores work in a decentralized way and the tasks are not smoothed out. Presently that the proprietors, Donald and Louise Saxon, have selected to resign, Belinda Green is good to go to overwhelm the business. Since she doesn't endorse the current technique for decentralized tasks, she is anticipating roll out some central improvements in the companys activities. In this report the current framework is considers and the wasteful aspects of the framework are distinguished. At long last a few proposals are made to upgrade the current framework and smooth out the stock and acq uisition courses of action. The Current Purchasing and Inventory Management Processes. The Brisbane Outdoor Power Center has developed from a solitary store retailing the lawnmowers to a business selling a wide scope of all kind of planting gear in its three particular stores. The gathering was established by Donald, who at first oversaw one store and in the long run extended business by gaining two additional stores at various areas. Every one of these stores are doing acceptable business and making benefits. Donald himself oversaw one store at Mt. Gravatt and didn't gave a lot of consideration to the operational subtleties of other two stores. At present all the three stores of the gathering are overseen by free approaches seeing administration of their sourcing just as stock. The providers from which the customary buys are made by every one of the retail location are unique in relation to the others. This kind of plan may have reiteration of work by the acquirement division of the three stores. Every one of the three may be providing various requests and necessities to similar providers. This presents a powerless situation of the organization as there are various exchanges endeavors. The aggregate request to the provider would give the organization better arranging position (Mackelprang, Robinson, Bernardes Webb, 2014). Likewise, it could be a lot of conceivable in light of contrast in arranging parties a similar provider may be offering same items to the three stores of Brisbane Outdoor force Center at various costs. The potential costs sparing is being squandered here by the stores by haggling independently. The administration of getting and stock plans have not been smoothed out in an efficient way, in light of the fact that the proprietor of the gathering Donald didn't tried to intercede the activities of different stores, for the most part since they were giving acceptable benefits. By and by these stores have various items and brand in their stocks. This would in the end give a fluctuated understanding to the client when he visits the diverse store. There isn't characterized joined methodology for acquirement of specific item by one store from another in the event of lack. In short the elements of the considerable number of stores are autonomous and the organization on an entire is decentralized. Each retail location has its own items stocks, brand assortment and individual selection of providers. Each store kept up its own stock and wellbeing stock based on choices made by the head supervisors. The stores have their different dreams, objectives and qualities. Despite the fact that till now these strategies have filled the need of these retail locations. In any case, for the future development of the Brisbane Outdoor Power as a gathering, it is important that the suitable changes are fused in the acquisition and stock administration framework. This would inevitably assist the organization with examining the potential methods of cost reserve funds and furthermore empower the consistency of the clients involvement with any store o f the organization. The present stock administration framework isn't useful for the organization as all the three stores have their own stock administration framework. Favorable circumstances and Disadvantages of the Currently utilized Processes? Favorable circumstances of Current Process The dynamic at each store is fast since they are working autonomously and the endorsements from head office of gathering isn't required (Yamak, Souchon Frhlich, 2011). The privately overseen stores are at advantage since they know about their region of tasks like the coming celebrations, occasion of their region, and so forth and subsequently they can mastermind their stocks in like manner. The decentralized administration of stock and buying gives intensity of dynamic to the nearby administrators (Raza Turiac, 2016). Like on account of Ipswich, the territory which has enormous bequests and pastime cultivates the store have arrangements of scope of planting gear and ride-on cutters. The more extensive scope of clients are served by these stores, particularly when they store merchandise from assortment of brands. The offer of a specific brand in a given store can be exclusively surveyed and further stock could be organized as per the client inclinations. Since the dynamic lies with the individual head supervisors, the appreciate higher control and has more prominent feeling of proprietorship. This aides in viably working the stores. The administration when at a similar nearby level as the purchasers, can all the more likely comprehend client requests and have more noteworthy relationship with the clients (Kreipl Pinedo, 2004). Drawbacks of Current Process The decentralized buying and stock administration frameworks have different drawbacks as well. A portion of these are: This kind of course of action may have redundancy of work by the acquisition branch of the three stores. Every one of the three may be providing various requests and necessities to similar providers. This presents a powerless situation of the organization as there are various exchanges endeavors. The aggregate request to the provider would give the organization better arranging position. (Frazelle, 2002). Likewise, it could be conceivable a similar provider may be offering same items to the three stores of Brisbane Outdoor force Center at various costs. The potential costs sparing is being squandered here by the stores by haggling exclusively. This prompts 2 things, first there is extra exertion association is spending on purchasing. Besides, there is capability of sparing that is lost on the grounds that each store is purchasing at various rates Since the requests to providers are given by stores independently, the mass limits and higher arrangement of costs isn't being used (Harland, Brenchley Walker, 2003). Additionally the burden is that perhaps in view of solid relationship with a provider is empowering one retail location of the gathering to get merchandise ate less expensive rates than the other retail location of a similar gathering (Chang Harrington Jr, 2002). Each retail location has its own items stocks, brand assortment and individual selection of providers, prompting diverse client involvement with various stores (Urban, 2005). The issues like under or over buying, keeping up singular wellbeing stock at each store, causes expanded degree of stock for the whole gathering, along these lines bolting the cash that could have in any case been utilized in some better way (Chan, Shen, Simchi-Levi Swann, 2004). Since mass buys are not being made mass limits and offers are subsequently not being profited in view of decentralization. What Supply-Chain and Inventory Management Concepts Would Help the Company Increase Efficiency and Reduce Investment while Maintaining Adequate Stock Levels? The significant ideas of gracefully chain and stock administration which would be useful for the organization to increment are the accompanying: Lessening the Safety Stock At present the stock and security stock is kept up by every one of the three stores exclusively. This prompts elevated level of stock which has incredible breadth of minimization. The Brisbane Outdoor Power would improve if all the security stock is kept up at just one of the store which has offices to hold such stock (Germain, Claycomb Droge, 2008). The stores could utilize this wellbeing stock for recharging as and when required. Thusly, the companys capital tied up in overabundance wellbeing stock would be free for another speculations or other use to support the gathering on the loose. Utilizing the Economies of Scale The organization must utilize economies of scale. The assortment of information and data from all the stores must be finished by the administration and study for recognizable proof of different business situations must be finished. In like manner, proper activity plans must be planned by the organization. A portion of the potential cases could be: Same materials purchased by every one of the three stores from various providers: In such situations the investigation of all the three stores must be attempted to figure out which store is following through on the least cost. This would assist the organization with bettering arrange and benefit limits on mass buys (Hingley, 2001). Each of the three stores buying from same provider: In this circumstance, the distinguishing proof of the least costs being paid by the stores must be done and exchange for mass buys should be possible for all the stores together. Every one of the three stores buying various items from various provider: In this sort of circumstance an exhaustive smoothing out is required in which scarcely any best providers must be picked to satisfy necessities of all the three stores. Monetary Order Quantity (EOQ): The viable us of EOQ must be accomplished for the items which are normally popular consistently and have moderately little lead time. When requesting lesser stock, the expense of holding is decreased, be that as it may, the quantity of requests become more and regular, in this way expanding the expense of requesting. Moreover, mass requesting would require more prominent putting away space and consequently higher holding costs (Lev, 2001). Managing high lead time item

LOG503 Managing Logistics Operations (MOD 2) SLP Essay

LOG503 Managing Logistics Operations (MOD 2) SLP - Essay Example The calculated arrangement of Wal-bazaar must work immaculately in order to have the option to oversee such a major store. Wal-bazaar has a conveyance framework that disseminates about 85 percent of the complete products sold in its own stores (Atchmeyer, 2002). Wal-mart’s significant point is to sell its products at the most reduced value conceivable (Atchmeyer, 2002; Mohan, 2003). To accomplish this, Wal-Mart gets products legitimately from the makers and sells them straightforwardly to its retail clients bypassing all middle people (Mohan, 2003). Hence Wal-bazaar has its own dispersion habitats deliberately situated at various areas everywhere throughout the US. The methodology utilized here is that one circulation store can serve 150-200 stores (Atchmeyer, 2002). This has ensured that the stores regardless of how far they are inside one day’s driving separation (Atchmeyer, 2002). The circulation communities work 24 hours every day in light of the fact that the transport lines are laser-guided (Atchmeyer, 2002). A progressed crafty cross-docking technique is being used; as the merchandise are picked straightforwardly from the manufacturer’s premises and legitimately taken to the retail buyers. This guarantees the frameworks are productive just as they don't have to store the material (Atchmeyer, 2002). It is essentially from the stores legitimately to the racks. The organization possesses an armada of more than 12,000 trailers 3,000 trucks (Mohan, 2003). As opposed to its rivals who subcontract the trucking administrations (Magretta, 2002). Moreover, the organization is very fastidious in employing its drivers. For a driver to fit the bill to work for Wal-Mart, they got the opportunity to have a reputation of more than 300,000 mishap free miles with no significant petty criminal offenses (Mohan, 2003). Wal-Mart has built up various techniques to exclusively manage every one of its stores stock (Magretta, 2002). The arrangements are customized for every individual store so as to cover the calculated difficulties presented. These measures

Adult Children of Alcoholics Screening Quiz

Adult Children of Alcoholics Screening Quiz September 16, 2018 Oliver Rossi/Getty Images   More in Addiction Alcohol Use Children of Alcoholics Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Did you grow up with a problem drinker? Those who grow up in homes where there is alcohol abuse or alcoholism are sometimes affected in ways they do not even realize. By answering these 20 Questions you may be able to determine if you have been affected by someone elses drinking and how much you have been affected. The secret to taking this quiz is total honesty with yourself. The quiz is totally confidential and anonymous; your results are not recorded, only you will see them. This quiz is not a substitute for a professional diagnosis or consultation. It is presented as a tool to help you self-assess your situation and decide whether or not you may need outside help. Take the quiz now!

Exponential population growth - Free Essay Example

Exponential population growth is a model that describes the expansion of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment (Simon, Reece Dickey, 2012, pg. 408). Since the year 1650, the human population has been undergoing the longest exponential growth of any large animal in history counting (Roser Ortiz-Ospina, 2013). In 1650, there were about five hundred million people on the planet. By 1850, the population had doubled to one billion, and it doubled again just eighty years after that and then it doubled again just forty-five years after that. We are now well past seven billion and counting (Roser Ortiz-Ospina, 2013). A perennial problem in nature and in our lives is satisfying two competing impulses; quantity or quality (Albrecht, 2017)? In ecology, we size up who chooses quantity over quality by the R and K Selection Theory. The R and K Selection says that some organisms will reproduce in a way that aims for huge exponential growth, while others are just content to hit the maximum population size that their particular environment can sustain, which is also called the carrying capacity, and then stay at that level (Simon, Reece Dickey, 2012, pg. 409). Species that reproduce in a way that leads to a very fast growth are called R Selected Species. R is the maximum growth rate of a population and R Selected animals create a lot of offspring in their lifetime without too much concern for the wellbeing of each and every one of them. If some of the offspring gets eaten or dies off, then its not that big of a deal because there are a multitude of them (Rafferty, 2014). On the other hand, K Selected Species only makes a few offspring in their lifetime and they invest in those offsprings very heavily. K is the carrying capacity of a population and K Selected Species usually end up living at population densities closer to their carrying capacity than R Selected ones (Rafferty, 2014). However, things arent so cut and dry in nature as most animals arent very strongly K Selected or R Selected, its more like a spectrum. Some organisms, usually smaller ones, reproduce more on the R Selected side and other organisms, usually larger ones, reproduce more on the K Selected side. Most species are somewhere in the middle. Although humans tend to reproduce more on the K Selected side of the spectrum, our population growth curve has been looking suspiciously like that of an R Selected Species. And exponential growth, even for R Selected Species, usually does not go on for three hundred and fifty years (Wall, Przeworski, 2000). By eliminating a bunch of obstacles that would have made our numbers level off at a carrying capacity like diseases and predators, humans were able to figure out how to raise our carrying capacity so far indefinitely. These obstacles are called limiting factors and limiting factors are an environmental factor that restricts the number of individuals th at can occupy a particular habitat, thus holding population growth in check (Simon, Reece Dickey, 2012, pg. 409). First, we have been able to increase our ability to feed ourselves. Humans rapid population growth started in Europe around the 17th century because that is when agriculture was becoming mechanized. New farming practices like domestication of animals and crops were increasing food production. From Europe, those agricultural practices and their accompanying population explosion spread to the New World and too much of the rest of the world by the mid-19th century (Kolankiewicz, 2016). Another thing that changed in the interest of human population came in the form of medical advances. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, father of microbiology, was the first modern scientist to propose the germ theory of disease in 1700 and revolutionized human health, leading to things like vaccinations (Ramos, 2018). Now humans are no longer dying from things like the pelage or measles which meant that everyone lived longer, childhood survival rates improved as well as life expectancies, so the children grew up to have children themselves and grew to be very old. In addition, we have been able to increase our ability to live comfortably in inhospitable places. Our great ancestors have been living in deserts and tundra for thousands of years but in the 20th century we expanded the human habitat to basically everywhere in the world. We have air conditioning to cool us in places where it can get very hot outside, warm clothes for when it can get very cold, airplanes to better increase traveling long distances safety, comfortably and in a way shorter amount of time, semi-trucks full of food that travel across the country and giant boat to take them overseas. As our population grows, our carrying capacity grew right along with it. The human population does have a carrying capacity but were not sure what it is. Back in 1679, it was Leeuwenhoek himself who was the first to publicly hazard a guess about the Earths carrying capacity for humans guessing it to be around thirteen billion people (Ramos, 2018).. With all of those people we obviously need a lot of resources to survive like food, clean water, non-renewable resources like metals and fossil fuels. Everything that we consume requires space, whether its space to grow or space to mine or produce or put our waste (Kolankiewicz, 2016). Ecologists make their estimates of how many people this planet can handle based on an ecological footprint, an estimate of the amount of land required to provide the resources, such as food, water, fuel, and housing, that an individual or a nation consumes and to absorb the waste it generates (Simon, Reece Dickey, 2012, pg. 409). That footprint is very diff erent depending on where you love and what your habits are. Despite the fact that the earth is a very big place., space is a real limiting factor for us, and as our population grows, there will probably be more conflict over how our space is used. As humans take up more space, we also leave less space for other species, and as we use resources like trees and soil and clean water, that reduces the amount available to all kinds of other organisms. This is why biologists say that we are currently living though one of the biggest extinction events in recent geological history (Roser, 2013). The fact is, even though the human population continues to grow, the rate of population growth actually peaked around 1962 and has been declining ever since. At its peak, the human population was growing at about 2.2% per year, and these days, its declined to about 1.1% and its still falling (Roser, 2013). Back in the early 20th century, more of the world worked on farms, and maybe ate their own food. Kids were a real asset to a farm back then and they helped their parents run the farm, but thats not happening so much anymore. More and more people are living in cities where you dont need kids to help with the crops, so fewer people are having them because children cost a lot to raise, they are no longer bringing in money because we no longer need kids to work on the farm, and a lot of people have access to good birth control, so they dont have children. Just because our populations growth rate is decreasing doesnt mean that humanity is going to stop anytime soon which is positive and negative on its own. In addition to reminding us that the rules of ecology apply to us just like any other organism, human population is important to think about because we definitely need to do something about it in my opinion. Im not saying that we go all out and pull a Thanos from Avengers; Infinity War here, all Im saying is that were not going away but what will happen when everything else does go away?

A Critical Examination Of The Factors Behind The...

A Critical Examination of the Factors behind the Resilience of Human Trafficking in the World Today Abstract This study set-out to examine the factors behind the resilience of human trafficking in the world today; with specific reference to the experience of the United States. The study was informed by the key assumption that the US cannot fight human trafficking human trafficking in isolation of the rest of the world, and that there is a need to for governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to work together towards addressing the vice. Many international legal instruments have been out in place to address the vice but factors such as profitability, incapacity of many states to police the vice and worldwide†¦show more content†¦Nonetheless, the 19th century brought with it many changes that challenged some of these older practices and increasingly criminalizing them. The Anti-Slavery Act in the United Kingdom in the 1830s; the Emancipation of Slaves in the United States in the 1860s; and the campaign against the Slave Trade in parts of Africa by the in-comin g colonial powers in the late 1800s- all introduced phenomenal changes in as far as these old practices were concerned and began to put an end to the ‘older forms’ or classical setting (so to say) of what is today known as human trafficking’ (Louise, 2010). Further, the many important phenomenal changes came with the 20th Century. The International Labour Organization Convention (also known as the ILO Convention) of 1919 did handle the questions of forced labor, servitude and under-age work among other areas. In similar fashion, the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) as well as the Convention Against Torture and All Forms of Inhumane and Degrading Punishment (CAT of 1984) is yet another instrument that in one way or another (at least indirectly) touched on the issue of human trafficking as it is known today. Nonetheless it was only

The Legalization of Marijuana Essay - 966 Words

Im for legalizing marijuana. Why pick on those drugs? Valium is legal. You just go to a doctor and get it and overdose on it - whats the difference? Prozac, all that stuff, so why not marijuana? Who cares? Its something that grows out of the ground - why not? Go smoke a head of cabbage. I dont care what you smoke (Stern). This particular quote is the reality of how many Americans actually feel about the supposed war on drugs. Mary jane, airplane, weed, reefer and dank are all commonly used terms used to describe marijuana. Marijuana as described by several resources is a mixture of dried, shredded leaves, stems, seeds, and the flowering tops of the pistillate cannabis sativa plant that yields THC and is prepared in a manner to create†¦show more content†¦In the early days of cannabis use, it was used as a form of food, as well as by the inhabitants of certain areas strictly for medicinal purposes, and for others the plant was used strictly as a spiritual herb, used to enhan ce the spiritual well-being of members of the particular clusters of ancient people. Through trade and migration many traded the plant as well as customs to go along with the plant. Groups of people such as the Chinese and the Scythians, used the cannabis fibers for food and began to use it for religious ceremonies as offerings; they also began to bury the cannabis seeds with members of royalty and noblemen. As people became more aware of the use for the cannabis plant they also began to use it as a form of narcotics by eating it. According to historians it is believed that the use of marijuana as a drug began around 430 B.C., but was ostracized into certain areas. As the years continued to pass all of the uses for the cannabis plant seemed to have been positive, but it wasnt until around 900 – 1000 A.D., that many scholars began to question the pros and cons of the use of the plant in order to induce euphoria. Throughout history the cannabis plant was omnipresent even in government affairs. It was reported that such great government officials and American leaders such as George Washington and Abraham Lincoln have been linked to the drug, as a form of recreation used to unwind. Even though marijuana had grownShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Legalization of Cannabis in Ohio Marijuana is a controversial topic all across the United States. Recently marijuana has been voted on, legalized, and denied legalization in multiple states. There are still more states trying to fight the green fight for marijuana. The fight for legalization hasn’t been an easy one for cannabis supporters; they have been fighting tooth and nail to make it happen. One of the main concerns in the marijuana debates are whether or not marijuana is a gateway drugRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana1633 Words   |  7 PagesBalyuk March 8, 2016 Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana has a few different names that are commonly used in today’s society including weed and cannabis. Weed is smoked with joints, bongs, or pipes. Marijuana can also be mixed with foods usually brownies, cookies, and candy which are called edibles. The main chemical responsible for the high feeling is called THC but marijuana also contains over 500 chemicals. The chemical is found in resin produced by the leaves and buds. â€Å"Marijuana is the most commonlyRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization Essay2566 Words   |  11 Pagescurrent prohibition on marijuana reforms has put the United States in a similar situation. Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, â€Å"95 million Americans age 12 and older have tried pot at least once, and three out of every four illicit-drug users reported using marijuana within the previous 30 days† (ONDCP). The decriminalization and eve ntually legalization for the recreational use of marijuana will bring forth benefitsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1282 Words   |  6 Pages On November 8th, 2016, the California Marijuana Legalization Initiative may be included on the ballot. The people of California will vote on whether to legalize the recreational use of cannabis for adults. 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Thousands of people from all over the country including tourists from Wisconsin, Ohio, Chicago, and even Georgia lined up out front of dispensaries to make a purchase. Recreational marijuana is being regulated and monitored like alcohol; you must be at least 21 years old to make a purchase. The drug, which is controversial in many states’ legislations, is currently l egal for medical useRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana628 Words   |  2 PagesThe Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana, the plant of the cannabis, has been around since the early 1900’s. Throughout history, marijuana has been used illegally, for both recreational and medical uses. Recently, marijuana has been used for medicinal purposes, like aiding HIV/AIDs patients, healing migraines and controlling nausea caused by chemotherapy. Today, there are currently 21 American states that have legalized medicinal marijuana including two states that have legalized recreational marijuana

An Interpretive Analysis On Conflicting Self Reassurance

Antigone: An Interpretive Analysis on Conflicting Self-Reassurance Antigone is a complex, yet debatable play, written by Sophocles somewhere around 442 BC. Chronologically, it is the third of the three Theban plays, but was the first to be written. In addition, Antigone was also one of the most famous tragedies ever to be written. The setting of the play is set in front of the Palace, Thebes, and Ancient Greece. Though most Greek playwrights were from Athens, their plays are hardly ever set there. It begins with the death of two brothers, Polyneices and Eteocles, leading opposite sides in Thebes ’civil war. They are both killed in battle fighting for the ruling throne. Creon, the new ruler of Thebes, declares that Eteocles is the one to be honored and Polyneices disgraced by improper burial. The punishment is that Polyneices’ body will not be buried by holy rites, and instead, it will be left unburied. Antigone and Ismene, the sisters of the brothers, are also descen dants of the cursed Oedipus. Antigone is the result of the accidentally marriage between King Oedipus and his mother Jocasta. In Sophocles’ tragic play, Antigone, it was the conflict with morality and self-reassurance that drove the story along and it was the unpredictable actions of Antigone that left audiences with a feeling of confusion, yet acceptance. However, there is still much disagreement among literary critics interpreting what is the main central conflict of Antigone. SomeShow MoreRelatedSummary Communication Theory13084 Words   |  53 Pagesmessage and then internalizes it and responds. Chapter 2: Talk about theory Ways of knowing Epistemology: study of the origin, nature, method and limits of knowledge. How does the objective approach to communication differ from the interpretive approach? Objective approach: Behavioural scientists try to be objective and apply scientific methods to explain and predict human behaviour. They believe that truth is singular and can be found by impartial quantitative methods and direct observationsRead MoreSummary Communication Theory13076 Words   |  53 Pagesdecodes the message and then internalizes it and responds. Chapter 2: Talk about theory Ways of knowing Epistemology: study of the origin, nature, method and limits of knowledge. How does the objective approach to communication differ from the interpretive approach? Objective approach: Behavioural scientists try to be objective and apply scientific methods to explain and predict human behaviour. They believe that truth is singular and can be found by impartial quantitative methods and direct observationsRead MoreQualitative Research and Celebrity Endorsement24767 Words   |  100 Pagesthe Indian light despite the fact of it being perceived as a potential market for celebrity endorsed products. Indian consumer attitudes are changing at a rapid pace and they are becoming more aware of the products that they use to define their ‘self’. The research is carried out to obtain a view amongst Indian Consumers about celebrity endorsement. Is it as positive as it is assumed to be? Most advertisements, be it of any form, majorly focuses on the young generation therefore their perceptionRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others

The Ethical Dilemma Of The Iphone - 1795 Words

The United States of America is ranked first in the world of the consumer market, this is especially true when it comes to electronic devices such as smart phones. The most popular smartphone on the market is without a doubt the Apple iPhone, this is the very device that completely changed what we as consumers expected when it comes to what our cell phones should be capable of doing for us. This is the phone that created the â€Å"smartphone† markets and brought back a very needed and lacking sense of competition into the mobile device market giving consumers options and innovating once again. As consumers continue to purchase the new iterations of this device year after year, we ignore the moral issues that are involved with the manufacturing†¦show more content†¦On top of all this neglect, the employees weren’t even given the proper training to operate within a factory with such conditions which is a type of training that is required for factory employees her e in the States to help minimize operational hazards. Foxconn has been known for being a â€Å"military like† operated company, which the workers were not too fond of, and because of the strict environment, it is said that close to 24,000 people quit every month. Foxconn is currently the world’s largest contract manufacturer of electronics. It assembles Apple products, such as iPads and the iconic iPhone. Globalization has pushed the western countries to use China as one of the primary sources of assembling their products, and Foxconn in return is China s largest manufacturer.When Foxconn first started out, they only had 150 workers. It wasn’t until the 1990’s, that Foxconn took off and expanded, which has led to a major labor increase. According to PAX: Spring Hill College’s Peace and Justice Magazine, â€Å"During this time, the company started to employ the technique of specialization of labor leading it to diversify its product lines in its factories around the regions of China. At theShow MoreRelatedIphone and Ethical Issues Essay829 Words   |  4 PagesOn June 29, 2007, Apple Inc. launched sales of the iPhone at Apple and ATT stores across the country. Many hours earlier, enthusiastic customers lined up o utside stores to get the first iPhone in their hands. The iPhone is more than just a breakthrough mobile-phone device. It is a strategy that may expand Apples sphere of influence. 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If it is possible Xiaomi trade in SA Free Essays

string(72) " the immigration policy has become increasingly restrictive since 1994\." Leno’s purchase of Motorola Mobility became official on same day, and with its new subsidy, the company has become the third-largest smartened manufacturer in the world with 8 percent market share, bumping Axiom down to fourth. Still, Axiom said it has its sights set on raising enough money to become the world’s most valuable private tech firm. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on If it is possible Xiaomi trade in SA or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 International expansion In just four years, Axiom, which is known colloquially as â€Å"little rice,† has gone from a strictly low-end producer to competition for some of the largest mobile companies in China such as Apple Inc. ND Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Now, global expansion is on the horizon, but there are plenty of hurdles for Axiom to export its phones and its philosophy to the West. This called Axiom must enter the international market The process started early last ear by testing water in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. Axiom’s flash sale strategy proved a huge success in these markets. Beginning of this year, Axiom announced Axiom would expand to 10 countries this year. We can see that Axiom wanted to target markets similar to China, developing countries with huge population where its low price is an advantage. Assai: Malaysia, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam; Europe: Russia, Turkey; America: Brazil, Mexico. We can see, Africa isn’t in its expanding list. But we group strongly recommended Axiom export South Africa, the reason and the strategy analysis as below. . South Africa PEST Analysis and Cell industry introduction by ups 2. Political South Africa is a parliamentary republic, although unlike most such republics the President is both head of stated head of government, and depends for his tenure on the confidence of Parliament. The executive, legislature and judiciary are all subject to the supremacy of the Constitution, and the superior courts have the power to strike down executive actions and acts of Parliament if they are unconstitutional. The National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, consists of 400 members and is elected every five years y a system of party-list proportional representation. The National Council of Provinces, the upper house, consists of ninety members, with each of the nine provincial electroluminescent ten members. After each parliamentary election, the National Assembly elects one of its members as President; hence the President serves a term of office the same as that Of the Assembly, normally five years. NO President may serve more than two terms in office. The President appoints a Deputy President and Ministers, who form the Cabinet which consists of Departments and Ministries. The President and the Cabinet may be moved by the National Assembly by a motion of no confidence. In the most recent election, held on 7 May 2014, the African National Congress (NC) won 62. 2% of the vote and 249 seats, while the main opposition, the Democratic Alliance (DAD) won 22. 2% of the vote and 89 seats. The Economic Freedom Fighters, founded by Julius Male, the former President of the Ann.’s Youth Wing who was later expelled from the NC, won 6. 4% of the vote and 25 seats. The NC has been the governing political party in South Africa since the end of apartheid. Since 2004, the country has had many thousands of popular protests, some Eileen, making it, according to one academic, the â€Å"most protest-rich country in the world†. There have been a number of incidents of political repression as well as threats of future repression in violation of this constitution leading some analysts and civil society organizations to conclude that there is or could be a new climate of political repression, or a decline in political tolerance. Leaders of the BRICKS nations at the G-20 summit in Brisbane, 15 November 2014. South African President Jacob Zamia and Chinese President Huh Joints upgraded bilateral ties between the two countries on 24 AUgUSt 201 0, hen they signed the Beijing Agreement, which elevated South Africans earlier â€Å"strategic partnership† with China to the higher level of â€Å"comprehensive strategic partnership† in both economic and political affairs, including the strengthening of exchanges be;en their respective ruling parties and legislatures. In April 2011, South Africa formally joined the Brazil-Russia-India- China (BRICKS) grouping of countries, identified by President Zamia as the country’s largest trading partners, and also the largest trading partners with Africa as a whole. Zamia asserted that BRICKS member countries would also ark with each other through the SIN, the Group of Twenty (620) and the India, Brazil South Africa (BIBS) forum. By 201 3, China have become the single largest trading partner of South Africa. 2. 2 Economy South Africa has a mixed economy, the second largest in Africa after Nigeria. It also has a relatively high GAP per capita compared to other countries in sub-Sahara Africa ($1 1,750 at APP as of 2012). Despite this, south Africa is still burdened by a relatively high rate of poverty and unemployment, and is also ranked in the top 10 countries in the world for income inequality, measured by the Gin coefficient. Unlike most of the world’s poor countries, South Africa does not have a thriving informal economy; according to COED estimates, only 15% of South African jobs are in the informal sector, compared with around half in Brazil and India and nearly three-quarters in Indonesia. The COED attributes this difference to South Africans widespread welfare system. World Bank research shows that South Africa has one of the widest gaps between per capita GNP versus its Human Development Index ranking, with only Botswana showing a larger gap. After 1 994 overspent policy brought down inflation, stabilized public finances, and some foreign capital was attracted, however growth was still subpart. From 2004 onward economic growth picked up significantly; both employment and capital formation increased. South Africa is a popular tourist destination, and a substantial amount of revenue comes from tourism. Illegal immigrants are involved in informal trading. Many immigrants to South Africa continue to live in poor conditions, and the immigration policy has become increasingly restrictive since 1994. You read "If it is possible Xiaomi trade in SA" in category "Papers" Principal international trading partners of South Africa-?besides other African countries-?include Germany, the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom and Spain. The South African agricultural industry contributes around of formal employment, relatively low compared to other parts of Africa, as well as providing work for casual laborers and contributing around 2. 6% of GAP for the nation. Due to the aridity of the land, only 13. 5% can be used for crop production, and only 3% is considered high potential land. In August 2013, South Africa was ranked as the top African Country of the Future by FED magazine based on the country’s economic potential, labor environment, cost-effectiveness, infrastructure, business friendliness, and foreign direct environmentalist’s. The IFS ranks South Africa as the 36th safest tax haven in the world, ahead Of the Philippines but behind the Bahamas. 2. 3 social During 1995-2003, the number of formal jobs decreased and informal jobs increased; overall unemployment worsened. The government’s Black Economic Empowerment policies have drawn criticism from Nave Magenta, lead economist for research and information at the Development Bank of Southern Africa, for focusing â€Å"almost exclusively on promoting individual wineries by black people (which) does little to address broader economic disparities, though the rich may become more diverse. † Official affirmative action policies have seen a rise in black economic wealth and an emerging black middle class. Other problems include state ownership and interference, which impose high barriers to entry in many areas. Restrictive labor regulations have contributed to the unemployment malaise. Along with many African nations, South Africa has been experiencing a ‘brain drain in the past 20 years. This is believed to be potentially damaging for the regional economy, not in citation given][clarification needed]and is almost certainly detrimental for the well-being of those reliant on the healthcare infrastructure. The skills drain in South Africa tends to demonstrate racial contours given the skills distribution legacy of South Africa and has thus resulted in large white South African communities abroad. However, the statistics which purport to show a brain drain are disputed and also do not account for repatriation and expiry of foreign work contracts. According to several surveys there has been a reverse in brain drain following the global uncial crisis of 2008-2009 and expiration of foreign work contracts. In the first quarter of 2011, confidence levels for graduate professionals were recorded at a level of in a UPS survey. 2. 4 Technological Several important scientific and technological developments have originated in South Africa. The first human-to-human heart transplant was performed by cardiac surgeon Christiana Bernard at Grotto Churl Hospital in December 1967, Max Tiller developed a vaccine against yellow fever, Allan McLeod Carjack pioneered x-ray computed tomography, and Aaron Kaleidoscope aerographical electron microscopy techniques. With the exception of that of Bernard, all of these advancements were recognized with Nobel Prizes. Sydney Brenner won most recently, in 2002, for his pioneering work in molecular biology. Mark Shuttlecock founded an early Internet security company Thaw, that was subsequently bought out by world-leader Version. Despite government efforts to encourage entrepreneurship in biotechnology, IT and other high technology fields, no other notable groundbreaking companies have been founded in South Africa. It is the expressed objective of he government to transition the economy to be more reliant on high technology, based on the realization that South Africa cannot compete with Far Eastern economies in manufacturing, nor can the republic rely on its mineral wealth in perpetuity. South Africa has cultivated a burgeoning astronomy community. It hosts the Southern African Large Telescope, the largest optical telescope in the southern hemisphere. South Africa is currently building the Karol Array Telescope as a pathfinder for the ?1. 5 billion Square Kilometer Array project. On 25 May 201 2 it was announced that hosting of the Square Kilometer Array Telescope will be split over both the South African and the Australia/New Zealand sites. Telecommunications infrastructure in South Africa provides modern and efficient service to urban areas, including cellular and internet services. In 1 997, Talked, the South African telecommunications partially, was partly privatized and entered into a strategic equity partnership with a consortium of two companies, including CBS, a U. S. Telecommunications company. In exchange for exclusivity (a monopoly) to provide certain services for 5 years, Talked assumed an obligation to facilitate network modernization and expansion into the unseeded areas. A Second Network Operator was to be licensed to compete with Talked across its spectrum of services in 2002, although this license was only officially handed over in late 2005 and has recently begun operating under the name, Motel . Five cellular companies provide service to over 30 million subscribers, with South Africa considered to have the 4th most advanced mobile telecommunications network worldwide. The five cellular providers are Voodoos, MET, Cell C,Virgin Mobile and Talked (Mobile), which is run by Talked. 2. Mobile Industry Telecommunications is one of the fastest growing sectors of South Africans economy, driven by explosive growth in mobile telephony and broadband connectivity. With a network that is 99. 9% digital and includes the latest in fixed-line, wireless and satellite communication, the country has the most developed telecoms network in Africa. South Africans has a relatively low rate of fixed-line telephony, with around 4. 2;million fixed-line connections (I TU, 201 0). Fixed-line telephony is dominated by Talked, which is listed on the SSE and majority owned by the Department of Communications. Telecoms monopoly in running fixed-line services came to an end in 2006, when the country’s second fixed-line operator, Motel, began its operations. Majority- owned by Indian’s Data Communications, Motel offers voice and data services to around 9-million customers. Mobile phone use in South Africa has increased from 17% of adults in 2000 to 76% in 201 0, according to research firm Nielsen Southern Africa. Today, more South Africans 29-million use mobile phones than radio (28-million), TV (27-million) or personal computers (6-million). Less than 5-million South Africans use landlines phones. South Africa has four licensed mobile operators: MET N, Voodoos (majority owned by UK Videophone), Cell C (75% owned by Saudi Ogre, an international telecommunications holdings firm), and ATA, a subsidiary of Talked. Mobile penetration is estimated at more than 1 0%, one of the highest rates in the world. South African mobile companies are also making inroads internationally, with MET leading the way: the company has well over 1 O- million subscribers in more than 20 countries in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The increase in usage of mobile and smartness has also lead to increasing numbers of South Africans using the Internet. There were an estimated 8. 5-million users by the end of 201 1, up from 6. 8-million the year before. It is projected that the 10-million user barrier will be broken by the end of 201 2 (World Wide Word, May 2012). While mobile phones are driving usage, data costs are being driven down by the increasing number of undersea cables connecting sub-Sahara Africa to the rest of the world. Undersea cable capacity to South Africa at the end of 201 1 was 2. 69 Terabyte a second (Tips), and that will rise to 11. Tips by the end of 2012. This doubled again in 2013. The government, via the Department of Communications, aims to implement a national broadband network to ensure universal access by 2020. Broadband Infract, the state-owned company tasked with improving internet access and bringing down broadband prices, sells high-capacity long-distance transmission services to tele coms operators, internet service providers and other value added network service providers. MET N, Voodoos and Motel are jointly building a skim fiber-optic cable en;ark connecting several major centers across South Africa. The first phase of the cable, linking Sautà ©ing with Zulu-Natal, as commissioned in June 2010. Fibbers Telecommunications is building a 12 km national open-access fiber-optic broadband network, which will increase the supply of long-distance capacity between major cities such as Johannesburg, Cape Toffee and Durban, as well as towns and rural areas along the route. It is a partnership between Cell C, CIT firm Internet Solutions, and investment management and advisory firm Convergence Partners. Provinces, via their municipalities, also have plans to invest in affordable broadband infrastructure. The Western Cape, for example, aims to connect the 4 000 overspent facilities and every school in the province to a broadband network, as well as ensure the public has easy access to CIT facilities. 3. How to operate Axiom in South Africa 3. 1 The smartened market in AS Lees see a South African Mobile Report reveals the mobile phone brands of choice by South Africans Internet users, which showed that the most popular mobile phone brands among the country’s Internet users are BlackBerry, Samsung, Monika, and Apple. The following chart shows the mobile phone brands owned by South African Internet users. Mobile phone brands owned in AS It should be noted that a single user can own multiple devices. 3. 2 What phones South Africans really want Smartened purchase preference The low position of Apple’s phone (12. 3%) is mainly attributed to the fact that phones are relatively expensive in the country. The similar proportion Apple in these two chart shows the Apple purchaser has kind of brand loyalty. High owned level of Monika and Blackberry exceed two thirds, but preference of these two brand account less than one third, many South Africans plan to purchase a Samsung smartened when they upgrade their current phone. Samsung is expected to be the market leader in South Africa over the next few years. So we assume here that more people tend to price sensitive in choosing smartened, and the biggest competitors could be Samsung, we have great market space to serve in the price sensitive smartened users. 3. 3 How does Axiom benefit S. A. smartened users? Specs Comparison between Mi 4 vs. Samsung vs. Expire Z vs. ETC MM We clearly see the main specs among these new generation phones , MI are more competitive in RAM and Battery use based on the similarities of other specs. We check from commerce website ,the price of Samsung SO sell ERROR, in exchange with ARM, about RHOMB ,kind of lower the price compare with China. But after calculating the changing price ,Samsung still has higher in half than MIM. So from both pictures to illustrate , we find the Axiom user will enjoy the fast speed of operating, touch, big screen, nice design, and very competitive price. . 4 How to position it? For the nice experience with good price, the dynamic image will attract more young generation and the group people who more care the good performance-cost that are our advantages , less brand loyalty users tend to our first lot users in AS. )Butte need to cultivate our own brand fans, our business model and the process of manufacturing are difficult to be co pied by other international brand , and it is impossible for AS local people to do such kind of brand, from product itself we have great advantage 2)Low level image difficult to be changed when you want to enter into the high level . So we position our products as high quality ,good In cost performance . 3. 5 Business Model in overseas trade For supplies, we still put manufacturers in China, some good suppliers we have been cooperated with , air ship to South Africa by CA airlines. TO open he market we need to find more channels, social medias are still our main tool to do marketing, for it is difficult to find a close partner as agent to do that , but finding exclusive agents also is our acceptable way in South Africa market. At the beginning Partnered with local commerce website such as Edgewise (claimed largest online mall in South Apical). South Africa Official Faceable Page We might sell its products on its official website in the future. We might cooperate the local agents having the experience store to sell together. With a bit higher price , ERROR for MIM is similar to the price buying Samsung SO, the old generation of Samsung and one-year distributor warranty. Unitary products and concentration Every year only arise one product, and focus on it; Focus on one price point, only do one product. This strategy has help the company to better control the quality, especially technology about the hardware. We can continue this business model in AS Already invite costumer to participate in the product design At the beginning of designing the products, Axiom listen to costumer’s opinion widely and this action make the products more cater to costumer’s needs and second potentially arouse the purchase desire of consumer. N SAC’S experience store,We will invite AS local to participate in the product improvement. Treat costumer friendly and provide petty favors After the first launch of MOM, when they buy the products, we will give them coupon and a thank you letter, together with a film to protect the mobile phone. All these actions can make the consumer deeply feel the sense of belonging to Axiom Company and win good public praise. High configuration but low price-â€Å"Future Goods†, price difference with the nominal and actual Axiom’s normal price is 1999 however the actual price to buy it normally is ore than 1 999 even is 2499 as it use the strategy â€Å"Panic buying†. Costumer finally buy it with even with price 2499 which is much higher than the nominal price they still think it’s worthy. And this is the key point for Axiom to success to use customer’s mentality. This will be our main strategy in AS. To develop greatly in AS,we will put effort to attract local Venture Investment. After the first launch of MOM,we will develop other products to be aliened with domestic:Hardware,Software and Internet service. In summary, we start by launching local official website and Faceable Page, ND local forum. We would choose to sell its product on local official website, or cooperate with local e-commerce website. Gradually, when we could fully localize and solve delivery and payment issues, it will sell on its official website, also the not very low price, we can cooperate with local agent to have experience store. 4. Risk and Return Analysis by SOOT We need to think about risks in South Africa The news for Axiom over the internet can be easily found, but not all of them are good news. The good news is that Axiom keeps its strong performance in China market. 1 Creativeness However, recent news by PC World questioned privacy concerns about Axiom sending user data its server without permission. What’s more, Axiom’s globalization is shadowed by its claim of â€Å"Apple of China†. The launch of MIL 6 soon got tech media’s critics of â€Å"copying ISO 7†. Its goanna take Axiom a long time to build its brand internationally, It will not be an easy battle for Axiom to change its global image of â€Å"copycat†, but we will have to wait and see. 4. 2 Leadership Axiom’s CEO Lei June plays an important role in Axiom’s marketing in China. But stepping out of China, nobody knows Lei June. Rather than being an positive brand influence, Lei Sun’s early claim of being â€Å"Steve Jobs† in China actually is a big hurdle for Axiom’s globalization. Nobody will care about an imitator. 4. 3 E-Commerce Channel Axiom’s flash sale in China is extremely successful, with direct online-only sale on its official website. But the e-commerce business environment may differ in different countries, marketing, logistics and customer services varied. How Axiom remain close relationships with its customers will be an even cougher challenge for the culture understanding. . 4 Quality Control When going abroad in AS, Axiom should pay more attention to its quality control to prevent large scale complaints, and really focus on customer services to build up the brand’s word-of-mouth. After all, high quality smartened with low price is everything to Axiom. 4. 5 Chain Expansion Africa is so different with other co ntinents, the country we target has the highest GAP level in Africa, and most countries in Africa people cannot imitate the consumption habit, many are considering the basic needs. How to cite If it is possible Xiaomi trade in SA, Papers

If it is possible Xiaomi trade in SA Free Essays

string(72) " the immigration policy has become increasingly restrictive since 1994\." Leno’s purchase of Motorola Mobility became official on same day, and with its new subsidy, the company has become the third-largest smartened manufacturer in the world with 8 percent market share, bumping Axiom down to fourth. Still, Axiom said it has its sights set on raising enough money to become the world’s most valuable private tech firm. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on If it is possible Xiaomi trade in SA or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 International expansion In just four years, Axiom, which is known colloquially as â€Å"little rice,† has gone from a strictly low-end producer to competition for some of the largest mobile companies in China such as Apple Inc. ND Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Now, global expansion is on the horizon, but there are plenty of hurdles for Axiom to export its phones and its philosophy to the West. This called Axiom must enter the international market The process started early last ear by testing water in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. Axiom’s flash sale strategy proved a huge success in these markets. Beginning of this year, Axiom announced Axiom would expand to 10 countries this year. We can see that Axiom wanted to target markets similar to China, developing countries with huge population where its low price is an advantage. Assai: Malaysia, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam; Europe: Russia, Turkey; America: Brazil, Mexico. We can see, Africa isn’t in its expanding list. But we group strongly recommended Axiom export South Africa, the reason and the strategy analysis as below. . South Africa PEST Analysis and Cell industry introduction by ups 2. Political South Africa is a parliamentary republic, although unlike most such republics the President is both head of stated head of government, and depends for his tenure on the confidence of Parliament. The executive, legislature and judiciary are all subject to the supremacy of the Constitution, and the superior courts have the power to strike down executive actions and acts of Parliament if they are unconstitutional. The National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, consists of 400 members and is elected every five years y a system of party-list proportional representation. The National Council of Provinces, the upper house, consists of ninety members, with each of the nine provincial electroluminescent ten members. After each parliamentary election, the National Assembly elects one of its members as President; hence the President serves a term of office the same as that Of the Assembly, normally five years. NO President may serve more than two terms in office. The President appoints a Deputy President and Ministers, who form the Cabinet which consists of Departments and Ministries. The President and the Cabinet may be moved by the National Assembly by a motion of no confidence. In the most recent election, held on 7 May 2014, the African National Congress (NC) won 62. 2% of the vote and 249 seats, while the main opposition, the Democratic Alliance (DAD) won 22. 2% of the vote and 89 seats. The Economic Freedom Fighters, founded by Julius Male, the former President of the Ann.’s Youth Wing who was later expelled from the NC, won 6. 4% of the vote and 25 seats. The NC has been the governing political party in South Africa since the end of apartheid. Since 2004, the country has had many thousands of popular protests, some Eileen, making it, according to one academic, the â€Å"most protest-rich country in the world†. There have been a number of incidents of political repression as well as threats of future repression in violation of this constitution leading some analysts and civil society organizations to conclude that there is or could be a new climate of political repression, or a decline in political tolerance. Leaders of the BRICKS nations at the G-20 summit in Brisbane, 15 November 2014. South African President Jacob Zamia and Chinese President Huh Joints upgraded bilateral ties between the two countries on 24 AUgUSt 201 0, hen they signed the Beijing Agreement, which elevated South Africans earlier â€Å"strategic partnership† with China to the higher level of â€Å"comprehensive strategic partnership† in both economic and political affairs, including the strengthening of exchanges be;en their respective ruling parties and legislatures. In April 2011, South Africa formally joined the Brazil-Russia-India- China (BRICKS) grouping of countries, identified by President Zamia as the country’s largest trading partners, and also the largest trading partners with Africa as a whole. Zamia asserted that BRICKS member countries would also ark with each other through the SIN, the Group of Twenty (620) and the India, Brazil South Africa (BIBS) forum. By 201 3, China have become the single largest trading partner of South Africa. 2. 2 Economy South Africa has a mixed economy, the second largest in Africa after Nigeria. It also has a relatively high GAP per capita compared to other countries in sub-Sahara Africa ($1 1,750 at APP as of 2012). Despite this, south Africa is still burdened by a relatively high rate of poverty and unemployment, and is also ranked in the top 10 countries in the world for income inequality, measured by the Gin coefficient. Unlike most of the world’s poor countries, South Africa does not have a thriving informal economy; according to COED estimates, only 15% of South African jobs are in the informal sector, compared with around half in Brazil and India and nearly three-quarters in Indonesia. The COED attributes this difference to South Africans widespread welfare system. World Bank research shows that South Africa has one of the widest gaps between per capita GNP versus its Human Development Index ranking, with only Botswana showing a larger gap. After 1 994 overspent policy brought down inflation, stabilized public finances, and some foreign capital was attracted, however growth was still subpart. From 2004 onward economic growth picked up significantly; both employment and capital formation increased. South Africa is a popular tourist destination, and a substantial amount of revenue comes from tourism. Illegal immigrants are involved in informal trading. Many immigrants to South Africa continue to live in poor conditions, and the immigration policy has become increasingly restrictive since 1994. You read "If it is possible Xiaomi trade in SA" in category "Papers" Principal international trading partners of South Africa-?besides other African countries-?include Germany, the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom and Spain. The South African agricultural industry contributes around of formal employment, relatively low compared to other parts of Africa, as well as providing work for casual laborers and contributing around 2. 6% of GAP for the nation. Due to the aridity of the land, only 13. 5% can be used for crop production, and only 3% is considered high potential land. In August 2013, South Africa was ranked as the top African Country of the Future by FED magazine based on the country’s economic potential, labor environment, cost-effectiveness, infrastructure, business friendliness, and foreign direct environmentalist’s. The IFS ranks South Africa as the 36th safest tax haven in the world, ahead Of the Philippines but behind the Bahamas. 2. 3 social During 1995-2003, the number of formal jobs decreased and informal jobs increased; overall unemployment worsened. The government’s Black Economic Empowerment policies have drawn criticism from Nave Magenta, lead economist for research and information at the Development Bank of Southern Africa, for focusing â€Å"almost exclusively on promoting individual wineries by black people (which) does little to address broader economic disparities, though the rich may become more diverse. † Official affirmative action policies have seen a rise in black economic wealth and an emerging black middle class. Other problems include state ownership and interference, which impose high barriers to entry in many areas. Restrictive labor regulations have contributed to the unemployment malaise. Along with many African nations, South Africa has been experiencing a ‘brain drain in the past 20 years. This is believed to be potentially damaging for the regional economy, not in citation given][clarification needed]and is almost certainly detrimental for the well-being of those reliant on the healthcare infrastructure. The skills drain in South Africa tends to demonstrate racial contours given the skills distribution legacy of South Africa and has thus resulted in large white South African communities abroad. However, the statistics which purport to show a brain drain are disputed and also do not account for repatriation and expiry of foreign work contracts. According to several surveys there has been a reverse in brain drain following the global uncial crisis of 2008-2009 and expiration of foreign work contracts. In the first quarter of 2011, confidence levels for graduate professionals were recorded at a level of in a UPS survey. 2. 4 Technological Several important scientific and technological developments have originated in South Africa. The first human-to-human heart transplant was performed by cardiac surgeon Christiana Bernard at Grotto Churl Hospital in December 1967, Max Tiller developed a vaccine against yellow fever, Allan McLeod Carjack pioneered x-ray computed tomography, and Aaron Kaleidoscope aerographical electron microscopy techniques. With the exception of that of Bernard, all of these advancements were recognized with Nobel Prizes. Sydney Brenner won most recently, in 2002, for his pioneering work in molecular biology. Mark Shuttlecock founded an early Internet security company Thaw, that was subsequently bought out by world-leader Version. Despite government efforts to encourage entrepreneurship in biotechnology, IT and other high technology fields, no other notable groundbreaking companies have been founded in South Africa. It is the expressed objective of he government to transition the economy to be more reliant on high technology, based on the realization that South Africa cannot compete with Far Eastern economies in manufacturing, nor can the republic rely on its mineral wealth in perpetuity. South Africa has cultivated a burgeoning astronomy community. It hosts the Southern African Large Telescope, the largest optical telescope in the southern hemisphere. South Africa is currently building the Karol Array Telescope as a pathfinder for the ?1. 5 billion Square Kilometer Array project. On 25 May 201 2 it was announced that hosting of the Square Kilometer Array Telescope will be split over both the South African and the Australia/New Zealand sites. Telecommunications infrastructure in South Africa provides modern and efficient service to urban areas, including cellular and internet services. In 1 997, Talked, the South African telecommunications partially, was partly privatized and entered into a strategic equity partnership with a consortium of two companies, including CBS, a U. S. Telecommunications company. In exchange for exclusivity (a monopoly) to provide certain services for 5 years, Talked assumed an obligation to facilitate network modernization and expansion into the unseeded areas. A Second Network Operator was to be licensed to compete with Talked across its spectrum of services in 2002, although this license was only officially handed over in late 2005 and has recently begun operating under the name, Motel . Five cellular companies provide service to over 30 million subscribers, with South Africa considered to have the 4th most advanced mobile telecommunications network worldwide. The five cellular providers are Voodoos, MET, Cell C,Virgin Mobile and Talked (Mobile), which is run by Talked. 2. Mobile Industry Telecommunications is one of the fastest growing sectors of South Africans economy, driven by explosive growth in mobile telephony and broadband connectivity. With a network that is 99. 9% digital and includes the latest in fixed-line, wireless and satellite communication, the country has the most developed telecoms network in Africa. South Africans has a relatively low rate of fixed-line telephony, with around 4. 2;million fixed-line connections (I TU, 201 0). Fixed-line telephony is dominated by Talked, which is listed on the SSE and majority owned by the Department of Communications. Telecoms monopoly in running fixed-line services came to an end in 2006, when the country’s second fixed-line operator, Motel, began its operations. Majority- owned by Indian’s Data Communications, Motel offers voice and data services to around 9-million customers. Mobile phone use in South Africa has increased from 17% of adults in 2000 to 76% in 201 0, according to research firm Nielsen Southern Africa. Today, more South Africans 29-million use mobile phones than radio (28-million), TV (27-million) or personal computers (6-million). Less than 5-million South Africans use landlines phones. South Africa has four licensed mobile operators: MET N, Voodoos (majority owned by UK Videophone), Cell C (75% owned by Saudi Ogre, an international telecommunications holdings firm), and ATA, a subsidiary of Talked. Mobile penetration is estimated at more than 1 0%, one of the highest rates in the world. South African mobile companies are also making inroads internationally, with MET leading the way: the company has well over 1 O- million subscribers in more than 20 countries in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The increase in usage of mobile and smartness has also lead to increasing numbers of South Africans using the Internet. There were an estimated 8. 5-million users by the end of 201 1, up from 6. 8-million the year before. It is projected that the 10-million user barrier will be broken by the end of 201 2 (World Wide Word, May 2012). While mobile phones are driving usage, data costs are being driven down by the increasing number of undersea cables connecting sub-Sahara Africa to the rest of the world. Undersea cable capacity to South Africa at the end of 201 1 was 2. 69 Terabyte a second (Tips), and that will rise to 11. Tips by the end of 2012. This doubled again in 2013. The government, via the Department of Communications, aims to implement a national broadband network to ensure universal access by 2020. Broadband Infract, the state-owned company tasked with improving internet access and bringing down broadband prices, sells high-capacity long-distance transmission services to tele coms operators, internet service providers and other value added network service providers. MET N, Voodoos and Motel are jointly building a skim fiber-optic cable en;ark connecting several major centers across South Africa. The first phase of the cable, linking Sautà ©ing with Zulu-Natal, as commissioned in June 2010. Fibbers Telecommunications is building a 12 km national open-access fiber-optic broadband network, which will increase the supply of long-distance capacity between major cities such as Johannesburg, Cape Toffee and Durban, as well as towns and rural areas along the route. It is a partnership between Cell C, CIT firm Internet Solutions, and investment management and advisory firm Convergence Partners. Provinces, via their municipalities, also have plans to invest in affordable broadband infrastructure. The Western Cape, for example, aims to connect the 4 000 overspent facilities and every school in the province to a broadband network, as well as ensure the public has easy access to CIT facilities. 3. How to operate Axiom in South Africa 3. 1 The smartened market in AS Lees see a South African Mobile Report reveals the mobile phone brands of choice by South Africans Internet users, which showed that the most popular mobile phone brands among the country’s Internet users are BlackBerry, Samsung, Monika, and Apple. The following chart shows the mobile phone brands owned by South African Internet users. Mobile phone brands owned in AS It should be noted that a single user can own multiple devices. 3. 2 What phones South Africans really want Smartened purchase preference The low position of Apple’s phone (12. 3%) is mainly attributed to the fact that phones are relatively expensive in the country. The similar proportion Apple in these two chart shows the Apple purchaser has kind of brand loyalty. High owned level of Monika and Blackberry exceed two thirds, but preference of these two brand account less than one third, many South Africans plan to purchase a Samsung smartened when they upgrade their current phone. Samsung is expected to be the market leader in South Africa over the next few years. So we assume here that more people tend to price sensitive in choosing smartened, and the biggest competitors could be Samsung, we have great market space to serve in the price sensitive smartened users. 3. 3 How does Axiom benefit S. A. smartened users? Specs Comparison between Mi 4 vs. Samsung vs. Expire Z vs. ETC MM We clearly see the main specs among these new generation phones , MI are more competitive in RAM and Battery use based on the similarities of other specs. We check from commerce website ,the price of Samsung SO sell ERROR, in exchange with ARM, about RHOMB ,kind of lower the price compare with China. But after calculating the changing price ,Samsung still has higher in half than MIM. So from both pictures to illustrate , we find the Axiom user will enjoy the fast speed of operating, touch, big screen, nice design, and very competitive price. . 4 How to position it? For the nice experience with good price, the dynamic image will attract more young generation and the group people who more care the good performance-cost that are our advantages , less brand loyalty users tend to our first lot users in AS. )Butte need to cultivate our own brand fans, our business model and the process of manufacturing are difficult to be co pied by other international brand , and it is impossible for AS local people to do such kind of brand, from product itself we have great advantage 2)Low level image difficult to be changed when you want to enter into the high level . So we position our products as high quality ,good In cost performance . 3. 5 Business Model in overseas trade For supplies, we still put manufacturers in China, some good suppliers we have been cooperated with , air ship to South Africa by CA airlines. TO open he market we need to find more channels, social medias are still our main tool to do marketing, for it is difficult to find a close partner as agent to do that , but finding exclusive agents also is our acceptable way in South Africa market. At the beginning Partnered with local commerce website such as Edgewise (claimed largest online mall in South Apical). South Africa Official Faceable Page We might sell its products on its official website in the future. We might cooperate the local agents having the experience store to sell together. With a bit higher price , ERROR for MIM is similar to the price buying Samsung SO, the old generation of Samsung and one-year distributor warranty. Unitary products and concentration Every year only arise one product, and focus on it; Focus on one price point, only do one product. This strategy has help the company to better control the quality, especially technology about the hardware. We can continue this business model in AS Already invite costumer to participate in the product design At the beginning of designing the products, Axiom listen to costumer’s opinion widely and this action make the products more cater to costumer’s needs and second potentially arouse the purchase desire of consumer. N SAC’S experience store,We will invite AS local to participate in the product improvement. Treat costumer friendly and provide petty favors After the first launch of MOM, when they buy the products, we will give them coupon and a thank you letter, together with a film to protect the mobile phone. All these actions can make the consumer deeply feel the sense of belonging to Axiom Company and win good public praise. High configuration but low price-â€Å"Future Goods†, price difference with the nominal and actual Axiom’s normal price is 1999 however the actual price to buy it normally is ore than 1 999 even is 2499 as it use the strategy â€Å"Panic buying†. Costumer finally buy it with even with price 2499 which is much higher than the nominal price they still think it’s worthy. And this is the key point for Axiom to success to use customer’s mentality. This will be our main strategy in AS. To develop greatly in AS,we will put effort to attract local Venture Investment. After the first launch of MOM,we will develop other products to be aliened with domestic:Hardware,Software and Internet service. In summary, we start by launching local official website and Faceable Page, ND local forum. We would choose to sell its product on local official website, or cooperate with local e-commerce website. Gradually, when we could fully localize and solve delivery and payment issues, it will sell on its official website, also the not very low price, we can cooperate with local agent to have experience store. 4. Risk and Return Analysis by SOOT We need to think about risks in South Africa The news for Axiom over the internet can be easily found, but not all of them are good news. The good news is that Axiom keeps its strong performance in China market. 1 Creativeness However, recent news by PC World questioned privacy concerns about Axiom sending user data its server without permission. What’s more, Axiom’s globalization is shadowed by its claim of â€Å"Apple of China†. The launch of MIL 6 soon got tech media’s critics of â€Å"copying ISO 7†. Its goanna take Axiom a long time to build its brand internationally, It will not be an easy battle for Axiom to change its global image of â€Å"copycat†, but we will have to wait and see. 4. 2 Leadership Axiom’s CEO Lei June plays an important role in Axiom’s marketing in China. But stepping out of China, nobody knows Lei June. Rather than being an positive brand influence, Lei Sun’s early claim of being â€Å"Steve Jobs† in China actually is a big hurdle for Axiom’s globalization. Nobody will care about an imitator. 4. 3 E-Commerce Channel Axiom’s flash sale in China is extremely successful, with direct online-only sale on its official website. But the e-commerce business environment may differ in different countries, marketing, logistics and customer services varied. How Axiom remain close relationships with its customers will be an even cougher challenge for the culture understanding. . 4 Quality Control When going abroad in AS, Axiom should pay more attention to its quality control to prevent large scale complaints, and really focus on customer services to build up the brand’s word-of-mouth. After all, high quality smartened with low price is everything to Axiom. 4. 5 Chain Expansion Africa is so different with other co ntinents, the country we target has the highest GAP level in Africa, and most countries in Africa people cannot imitate the consumption habit, many are considering the basic needs. How to cite If it is possible Xiaomi trade in SA, Papers

Sepsis in the Emergency Department Improvements free essay sample

Sepsis remains one of the most deadly diseases in the country. According to the literature, a majority of sepsis cases filter though the Emergency department. The diagnosis and treatment of sepsis are complex and the barriers to improving these things are even more intricate but the fact remains that improvement of sepsis care begins in the ED. Early recognition of sepsis using the SIRS criteria followed by multidisciplinary rapid response diagnostic testing and treatment are the keys to improvement of sepsis care in the ED. Introduction Sepsis is defined by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) as the presence (probable r documented) of infection together with systemic manifestations of infection (Dellinger et al. , 2013). Severe sepsis is defined by the SSC as sepsis plus sepsis-induced organ dysfunction or tissue hypoperfusion (Dellinger et al. , 2013). Despite advances in treatment modalities, the current literature reports mortality for severe sepsis and septic shock ranges from 20% to 60% (Burney et al. , 2012; Dickinson Kellef, 2011; Turi Von, 2011) making it the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. The prevalence of sepsis is markedly higher among the elderly opulation and rises exponentially after the age of 65 (Gaieski et al. , 2010). With the baby boomer generation now approaching this age, systematic and effective treatment of sepsis has never been more important. Severe sepsis until the last decade was a grossly under recognized and undertreated illness. Although treatment protocols have improved impart due to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, there exists an urgent need for improvement of prompt, methodical and aggressive care of severe sepsis and septic shock. More than 500,000 cases of severe sepsis are initially anaged in US emergency departments annually with an average ED length of stay for these patients of 5 hours (Wang et al. , 2007). The SSC strongly recommends seven, time sensitive, initiatives. Within three hours of suspected, or diagnosed sepsis, the clinical team must measure lactate level, obtain blood cultures, administer broad spectrum antibiotics, and correct any hypotension or lactic acidosis with the administration of 30mL/kg crystalloid. Within 6 hours, the SSC recommends applying vasopressors for sustained hypotension, measuring central venous pressure (CVP) nd central venous oxygen saturation (Scv02) and remeasuring lactate if initial lactate was elevated (Dellinger et al. , 2013). What is not obviously evident in these recommendations is the workload associated with completing these tasks, which for nurses, includes inserting multiple large bore IVs, multiple blood draws, assisting with invasive procedures and for physicians includes inserting invasive lines and managing a critically ill patient. This puts a huge emphasis as well as a burden on the ED, for the improvement in recognition and initial management of sepsis. Definitions of Sepsis Sepsis is a physiologic response to an infection that begins with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). SIRS, originally defined in 1992, is characterized by a presence of two of the following five physiologic changes: 1 . Temperature 98. 60 F or 100. 40 F 2. Heart rate 90/min 3. Respiratory Rate 20/min Body 4. Hyperventilation, indicated by a PaC02 of 12,000/uL or the presence of 10% immature neutrophils (Simpson Pitts, 2010) Severe sepsis is the presence of sepsis with the presence of organ failure separate from the site of infection. The hallmark signs of organ failure summarized by the American College of Chest Physicians includes: 1. Hypotension 2. Renal failure that manifests as a creatinine value increase 0. 5 mg/dL, poor urine output (defined as 0. 5 mL/kg for 1 h), or the need for renal replacement therapy 3. Altered mental status (from individual patient baseline) 4. Thrombocytopenia ( 100,000 platelets/mL) 5. Respiratory failure that manifests by arterial hypoxemia (Pa02/F102 300) 6. Coagulation abnormalities (international normalized ratio 1. 5 or activated partial thromboplastin time 60 s) 7. Ileus 8. Hyperbilirubinemia (plasma total bilirubin level 4 mg/dL) 9. Hyperlactatemia ( upper limit of normal) (Simpson Pitts, 2010) Management of Severe Sepsis: More than 500,000 cases of severe sepsis are initially managed in the US emergency departments annually, with an average ED length of stay of 5 hours. The cornerstones of management of severe sepsis includes prompt diagnosis, timely administration of appropriate antibiotics, and aggressive resuscitation. Recognition of Sepsis in the ED. It is well known within health care professionals as well as the general public that, in the first hours of a myocardial infarction or cerebral vascular ccident, time is tissue. This is also the case in severe sepsis and because of this, early recognition of sepsis is vital to improving outcomes. SIRS is the first line diagnostic for the recognition of sepsis. If the patient meets SIRS criteria, the next line of diagnostics is to test the serum lactate. Lactate is believed to be due to decreased end-organ perfusion, leading to anaerobic glycolysis and lactate production. Serum lactate is commonly used as a prognostic test for illness severity in ED patients with sepsis (Green et al. , 2011). Resuscitation in the ED. Rapid Quantitative resuscitation is recommended in all patients with tissue hypoperfusion. According to the SSC guidelines, the goals of fluid resuscitation include a CVP of 8-12 mm Hg, a MAP 65 mm Hg, urine output 0. 5 mukg/hour and an Scv02 of 70%. The strategy of resuscitation, completed in the first 6 hours was associated with a 15. % reduction in 28 day mortality (Dellinger et al. , 2013). Crystalloids should be the first initial fluid choice during resuscitation. If the patient remains hypotensive, vasopressor therapy should be initiated using norepinephrine as the tirst choice Dellinger et al. , 2013). Antimicrobial Therapy in the ED. The administration of broad- spectrum antimicrobials with the first hour of re cognition of sepsis is vital to patient mortality. In multiple studies, each hour of delay in antibiotic administration is associated with a measurable increase in patient mortality (Dellinger et al. 2013). Another vital component of treatment is the choice of empirical antimicrobial therapy. Kumar et al. , found that survival rates after appropriate and inappropriate initial therapy were 52. 0% and 10. 3% respectively (Kumar et al. , 2009). This is a huge isparity for patients and therefore a large focus for EDS. Barriers to Care and Suggestions for Improvement Suboptimal treatment of sepsis is widespread. Compliance with the 6 hour resuscitation pundle is poor, ranging from 19% to 52% (Aitken et al. , 2011). For example, even though the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) has distributed guidelines, reflecting the Early Goal Directed Therapy (EGDT) studied by Rivers and colleagues, suggesting the administration of antibiotics within 1 hour of suspected bacterial infection, the average time for the first infusion of antibiotics exceeds 3 hours. Other suboptimal findings include choosing the wrong type of antibiotic, lack of consistent hemodynamic monitoring, lack of treatment order sets and protocols and lack of support for processes needed to complete EGDT (Aitken et al. 2011). There is an urgent need in healthcare for improvement of prompt, methodical and aggressive care of sepsis. Sepsis Recognition and Alert. The early diagnosis of sepsis is extremely difficult. By the time patients with sepsis have apparent vital sign changes, they are critically ill and needing aggressive treatment. For this reason, early recognition of SIRS is vital. Identifying SIRS takes comprehensive knowledge of th e criteria and meticulous assessment of patients. This has proven to be a major barrier to implementing the SSC guidelines (Turi Von, 2011). In one study conducted by Burney et al. , more than 85% of nurses reported that they were somewhat or not at all familiar with SIRS criteria and only 15. 8% of nurses reported that abnormal vital signs were reported in a timely fashion by support staff (Burney et al. , 2012). This is why one of the most important improvements that can be made in sepsis care is education on the criteria of SIRS and signs of severe sepsis ithin the ED. All staff whom interact with the patient, not Just RNs, need to be provided with this education. Once a patient with SIRS is identified a rapid response needs to be initiated and treatment should begin immediately. This effort should not only be a multidisciplinary rapid response team (RRT), which has been indicated to improve outcomes (Tromp et al. , 2010), but also should involve members from each of the units and services needed for treatment (ED, CU, Surgery if needed). This wide involvement will help to utilize all resources as well as assist to streamline the atient to a critical care environment with staffing levels to support the patient. Treatment protocol. When surveyed, registered nurses considered delay in diagnosis by physicians to be the most significant cause of treatment interruption among patients with sepsis. Also, the majority of staff surveyed (89. 5% of nurses and 86. 0% of physicians) stated that a written protocol, similar to the ones already in place for the management of acute coronary syndrome and pneumonia, would help them to manage patients with sepsis (Burney et al. , 2012). If a nurse suspects sepsis, based on the recognition ot SIRS, literature sugges s that this lead to the use ot a predominantly nurse driven, sepsis protocol where baseline diagnostic tests are ordered and the rapid response team is notified at the minimum, but also suggests that protocol-directed care in the areas of fluid and vasopressor therapy is becoming more commonplace and has been shown to be safe (Aitken et al. , 2011). This type of protocol can significantly improve the rapid diagnosis of sepsis and improve chances of SSC guideline completion (Tromp et al. , 2010). If the patient meets diagnostic criteria for sepsis, then the physician should initiate the institutional sepsis bundle. This sepsis bundle should include recommendations from the SSC including qualitative resuscitation (based on CVP, MAP, Scv02, and urine output), broad- spectrum antibiotics, as well as source identification and control. The physicians orders should also include central and arterial line placement and vasopressors if indicated. Antibiotic Availability and Selection. Widely agreed upon is the fact that the most important of the initiatives recommended by the SSC is the early administration of antibiotics. A study in Critical Care Medicine by Gaieski et al. (2010), nalyzed for elapsed time from triage to the appropriate antibiotic administration to determine if there was a significant association. The researchers found a significant association at the one-hour time cutoff for both triage to antibiotics (mortality 19. 5 vs. 33. 2%) as well as qualification for EGDT to antibiotics (mortality 25. 0 vs. 38. 5%). This supports the argument that the prompt administration of appropriate antibiotics is a primary determinant of mortality in patients with severe sepsis (Gaieski et al. , 2010). Unfortunately, studies have found that an incorrect antimicrobial agent is chosen in p to 35% of cases where the physician chooses the agent based on clinical judgment (Miano et al. , 2012) and when surveyed only half of the physicians (50. 0%) were very confident in choosing appropriate antibiotics for a patient with severe sepsis (Burney et al. , 2012). Antibiotic algorithms, based on common isolates and their susceptibility patterns, are highly effective at correcting these deficiencies. It should also be noted that resistance patterns should be monitored at a local and institutional level so that algorithms can be adjusted.